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102 Bending MethodsRam: Ram bending is used where deformation is acceptable, generally on large OD tubes (6" and over) with thick walls. A ram bend is formed by pushing the tube between two stationary points with a force applied midway between them. Compression: This is the most commonly used method for tube bending, the outside of the bend looks good but the inside gets deformed. A compression bend is formed by pushing the tube into a groove in a stationary radius die with a pressure die which is wiped around the radius die. A press bender works on this principal and counter balances the downward force of the ram die with two wing dies. They resist the rams force with torque applied opposite to their natural rotation which keeps the tube tightly in the groove. Stretch: Stretch bending is a very good way to bend complicated cross sections in aluminum extrusions. The work piece is put into tension then wrapped around a stationary radius die, sometimes with a filler or mandrel inside to reduce collapse. Roll: Roll forming is used for larger radius bends and works like ram bending except that the stationary and pushing points are rotating and drawing the tube through. Rotary Draw: Rotary draw bending is used where wrinkles and other deformation are not acceptable. It works well for applications in which the bend radius is tight relative to the tube OD, and/or the wall thickness is light relative to the tube OD. For a draw bend, the tube is clamped to the radius die then the radius die rotates,drawing the tube past the pressure die. |